Spectrum Disorder Early Childhood Intervention - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2026 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/03/13 Category Sociology Essay Level High school Tags: Childhood Essay Did you like this example? Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disability, and it can be detected during the early childhood years. The autism umbrella is a wide range of complex conditions that affects abilities of verbal and non-verbal communication, social interaction, and repetitive or restrictive behaviors. Its extremely difficult to generalize about autism; children with ASD can vary in severity of symptoms, and those may be different from another. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Spectrum Disorder Early Childhood Intervention" essay for you Create order For this reason, autism is considered a spectrum of disorders. The symptoms may also combine in a unique way for each child, thereby producing different sets of problems or difficulties among children with ASD (Min). The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported in 2014 that about 1% of the world population has autism spectrum disorder. In United States, more than 3.5 million people live with autism. During 2018, one of fifty-nine children were born with this disorder, and it was contrasting with the statistic of one in 150 children from 2000. According to the CDC, the average age diagnosis is 4-5 years, but a reliable autism diagnosis can be made as early as 18-24 months, and thats why early detection is so critical, even though research shows that most parents have no knowledge about autism symptoms. There is no known cause for ASD, but its prevalence rate is on the rise (ADDM Network). These results suggest the importance of generate awareness, so parents know what to look for if they think their child has autism. Some signs and symptoms that a child with ASD may exhibit include: Difficulty in expressing needs, engages in odd ritualistic movements such as rocking, laughs or cries or shows distress for reasons not apparent to others, temper tantrums, prefers to be alone, difficulty in mixing with other children or adults, unable to relate to others in socially appropriate ways, not responsive to normal teaching methods, not responsive to verbal cues/acts as if deaf although hearing tests are in the normal range, sustained play and special interest with certain toys or objects, over-sensitive or under-sensitive to pain, noticeable physical over-activity or extreme under-activity, and uneven gross/fine motor skill development. (Min) In the United States, its been estimated the total costs per year for children with ASD to be between $11.5 billion â€Å" $60.9 billion. This represents a mixture of direct and indirect costs of special education and medical care. Children of all ages with ASD had average medical expenditures that exceeded those without ASD by $4,110â€Å"$6,200 per year (ADDM Network). This is an average of 4.1 6.2 times greater than for those without ASD. In 2005, the average annual medical costs for Medicaid-enrolled children with ASD were $10,709 per child (ADDM Network), which represent about six times higher than the costs for children without ASD, and the cost of intensive behavioral interventions for children with ASD was $40,000 to $60,000 per child per year (ADDM Network). A study from The United States Department of Health revealed that cases of autism have increased 500% over the past five years, although the causes of autism have remained ambiguous. Genetically predisposed children are encountering a neurologically toxic environmental trigger that disables them and disconnects them from the world (Matson and Boisjoli). Those triggers could include heavy metal, pesticides, viral, parasite, and bacterial-induced toxicity. In another report presented at a recent national autism association conference in the United States, Dr. Bryan Jepson (author of Changing the Course of Autism: A Scientific Approach for Parents and Physicians) stated, that 80,000 chemicals have been introduced into the global environment in the last twenty years, none of which have been tested for neurological toxicity (Matson and Boisjoli). This time of exposure coincides with the snowball effect period of this autism epidemic. Also, it is projected that within a decade the tendency will be as high as one in twenty-two people. One encouraging sign that increasing awareness of the trigger effect may be starting to make a difference is that children who were first diagnosed in or after 2008 in the USA were more likely to have milder autism spectrum disorder (ASD) than those diagnosed in or before 2007 (Matson and Boisjoli). While autism was once a condition that was rarely discussed in public, now we find information everywhere: on television, radio, and internet. Also, there is a considerable amount of autism organizations in United States; however, in New Jersey, only few of them are exceptional. Since 2002, Bergens Promise, Inc. is a recognized 501(3)(c) private non-profit organization in assisting and supporting to families with youth ages of five to twenty-one. They provide a comprehensive, individualized wraparound service planning through a team process; that covers behavioral, emotional, and mental health challenges, substance use issues and developmental disabilities. This non-profit organization has worked with over 4,000 youth and their families. They proudly stated: our many successful graduations are the agencys most significant accomplishments (Bergens Promise). Bergens Promise is the designated Care Management Organization (CMO) for Bergen County as part of The NJ Department of Children and families, Childrens System of Care (CSOC). The Wraparound Model of Care is a new point of reference in helping families to deal with complicated emotional and behavioral issues. This model could be successful by creating a plan to achieve the familys long-term vision of success, where involving the youth and family in the decision-making process is primordial. Together as a team, families are facing the adversity with a focus on strengths, not deficits. Other family members, friends and community supports closest to the family get involved to offer guidance and support. In-home and community-based resources are used to address the most important needs (Bergens Promise). The success of this model has Bergens Promise mission as its foundation: The goal of the organization is to keep ?Healthy Families, Safe at Home. Bergens Promise will provide exceptional care management services to keep youth and families physically and emotionally safe. (Bergens Promise) And inspired by its vision statement: Our services will be built on the familys strengths and delivered through a strong, coordinated network of community-based providers. We will strive to provide the highest quality of care that will produce the most positive results for the youth and families we serve. (Bergens Promise) Like any other organization, Bergens Promise faces many challenges: finding a service provider qualified to provide Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) services can be a complicated task; an organization that provides ABA therapy will have a Registered Behavior Technician (RBT), a Board Certified Associate Behavior Analyst (BCaBA), and a Board-Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA) providing direct or indirect services to children. There is a lot of sites that provide therapy under the philosophy of ABA, but they are not certified by the Behavior Analyst Certification Board (BACB). The therapist who design the plan must hold a masters degree in Applied Behavior Analysis; if the therapist has a masters degree in Social Work, Psychology, Occupational Therapy, or in any other field the therapist has not received specific training to provide ABA services. But this task could be even more difficult when these services must be covered by Medicaid, and it represents the 81% of the budget; the CSOC covers the 14%; and only the 5% must be through alternative funding sources (Ramirez). Non-profit organization are performing a noble cause, and that make me think volunteering would be a great opportunity to give back. My family has been working with Bergens Promise for about six years. My daughter, Ayleen, was diagnosed of Autism at the age of two, and currently she is one of their clients. The first step was contact Melissa Ramirez, her Case Manager in Bergens Promise, and we were talking about the possibilities of sharing our experiences to other parents, encourage them to advocate for their children, and make them understand how important they are in this journey through recovery. We identify together that parents played a critical role in their children success. While therapist often focus on what the child cant do, parents could bring out the best in their children; however, something that started as a good idea, days later, was completely dissolved in one briefed sentence from Melissas boss, this will be conflict of interest since your daughter is one of our clients, what unexpected refusal (strike one). A couple weeks later, I heard about an opportunity of volunteering in a Compassionate Behavioral Health Program in New Bridge Medical Center, so I decided to go to speak Susan Burkhardt, Manager of Volunteer Services, and she informed me about all requirements needed: background check, drug test, medical exam, vaccination, training, and sixty hours commitment; impossible to achieve for now (strike Two). I didnt realize that doing my ten hours of service could be so complicated. Honestly, if I dont have to go church to pray God to be a good catholic, volunteering could be anywhere. My wife and I have worked so hard, and our contribution is to help other parents to face this challenge by providing information, sharing personal experiences, or offering practical ideas to alleviate any stress related to parenting children with ASD. Its not an easy road we are traveling to recovery, but it also has rewards our daughter really helped us to appreciate the little things in life more than we did before. We must to be honest with the families that are coming to our house; we always emphasize our role as parents is not easy, but the results are incredibly beautiful. My wife and I still remember that day when our daughter was diagnosed with Severe Autism. We still remember the nurse telling us, hopefully, when she turns forty you dont need to still be wiping her bottom after using the toilet. We still remember crying every day for more than four years. We still remember knocking at the churchs door at 2:00 a.m. asking God for several times: why God? Why? (Its ok to having those feeling). Despite all, well never forget the first time when she looked into our eyes. Well never forget her first word. Well never forget her first kiss without prompting (expressing feelings for real). This is about being patient and put your faith in God, and we tell all the parents both side of the story: the good and the bad. We have been explaining to parents that early intervention is the key and seeking professional help is highly recommended. Therapy doesnt end after the therapist leaves the house; parents job is meant to be a 24/7 therapist. Also, their childrens diet must be as healthy as possible, no junk food at all. Repeating concepts and anticipating events are primordial; my wife took two hours every day in the bathroom for two years to teach our daughter the colors, shapes, and the alphabet. My daughter left the pampers at the age of four (not forty). Now she is going to an inclusion class, reading small chapter books, and solving problems of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Conclusion During more than seven years, we have been meeting several parents; from those who are highly concerned to others that just gave up after telling them about how their children can get rid of the pampers: first, we need to monitor and create a chart with intervals of twenty or thirty minutes, then observe whether our child is wet or dry. Based on the information from the chart, we need to plan a daily routine. Its also important to set up the bathroom free of distractions, explain the routine to the child, create a picture or visual chart, and always provide a positive feedback on each accomplish. Then the intervals will be gradually increased until eliminate the pampers at all. Most parents think that toilet training during the day is so hard, but what about the schedule during the night, or what about now that my ten-years-old daughter has been trained about her puberty; we covered topics like hygiene, cramps, blood, and even menopause. We bought menstrual pads and food coloring (red), and due to her sensory issues, we decided to practice by placing the wet pad in her underwear for about ten minutes. Her face denoted discomfort, and she couldnt hold it by telling my wife: Mom, I want to be in menopause. Yes, this is she. And its been more than nine years of service.

Pathophysiology Of Addison s Disease - 1103 Words

Pathophysiology Addison’s disease is also known as Adrenocortical Insufficiency, which means the adrenal cortex does not produce enough hormones (Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 2015). Addison’s disease occurs when the adrenal glands, above the kidneys, don’t make enough hormones that are essential to normal body functions (Understanding Addison’s Disease, n.d.). The most common cause of Addison’s disease is due to the adrenal cortex being abnormally small or atrophied. This causes the adrenal cortex to not produce as many hormones (Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 2015). If the disease is primary, the pituitary gland may be sending out elevated levels of ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) to try to get the adrenal cortex to produce more hormones. When the disease is secondary, the ACTH does not stimulate the adrenal cortex to produce more hormones (Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing, 2015). Only 1 out of 100,000 people actually have Addison ’s disease; making it very rare. Addison’s disease occurs in men and women of any age (Understanding Addison’s Disease). Etiology, Causes, and Risk Factors Some people believe that Addison’s disease is autoimmune disease. They think the gland sort of â€Å"terminates† itself. Diseases such as tuberculosis, AIDS, cancer, and fungal infections are thought to cause the self-destruction of the adrenal cortex. Hashimoto’s thyroid and bilateral adrenalectomy may also cause Addison’s disease. Secondary Addison’s diseaseShow MoreRelatedBiology Immunology Case Study 3005.21363 Words   |  6 Pagescharacteristic constellation of manifestations, physical findings and serum electrolyte pattern; all indicative of a severe adrenal insufficiency, presumably Addison s disease. 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Macroeconomic Indicators Statistical Interactive Database

Question: Describe about the Macroeconomic Indicators for Statistical Interactive Database. Answer: Introduction Economic indicators measure how solid an economy of a nation is (Alesina Tabellini, 2015: 22). They can quantify particular areas of an economy, for example, the real estate or retail segment, or they give estimations of an economy all in all, for example, GDP or unemployment. Brokers and researcher are occupied with these estimations since they affect the estimation of a GDP. Monetary indicators give a depiction of the economy's wellbeing. A market analyst may check the essential indications of the economy by taking a look at total national output (GDP), customer value record (CPI) or the joblessness rate The financial indicators help them see where the economy is as far as the business cycle, which demonstrates the rising and falling of monetary conditions after some time (Alesina Tabellini, 2015: 22). According to Alesina Tabellini (2015: 23), economic indicators are generally stuffed with measurements arranged by government offices, non-profit association and occasionally, even privately owned businesses. In addition, financial indicators assume a crucial part in the business sector since they stipulate measures to be utilized in assessing the economy by watching a few business cycles and how the shoppers are spending in a particular business sector. For experts, knowing these monetary indicators help them break down the status of the economy. It demonstrates how the economy is right now getting along at present and how well it will turn out later on (Alesina Tabellini, 2015: 23). A portion of the monetary indicators cover work, occupation and pay, balance of payments, cash and saving money, training, budgetary venture, and remote (foreign) exchange. Either these indicators are distributed quarterly or every year, even day by day. In the certain countries such as South Africa, the national wage accounts, farming, tutoring, power and gas is a portion of the financial indicators that forecasters investigate. For the horticultural division, it incorporates the complete spending plan for agribusiness, amount and estimation of creation of harvests and the normal costs of some agrarian items. Then again, fundamental education measurements, for example, the spending plan for education and training are the elements being broke down as a monetary indicator in the training area. At present South Africa is considering a ton of elements while investigating the status of the nation. In any case, it is recommended by a considerable measure of experts to contract down the sc ope of one nation's financial indicators with a specific end goal to concentrate on what is truly key for the economy (Alesina Tabellini, 2015: 23). Leading Indicators The rates of interest usually influence the uptake of mortgages, personal credit and finance for vehicles (car loans) and dealings in the stock market. In accordance with a publication by the Bank of England (2010: 3), a nation's central bank will choose the rate of interest and it refers to the cost of credit. Essentially, interest rate can be utilized to manage credit and avail it reasonably to the general population. As the interest rate increase, the general populations who have taken advances undergoes trouble in paying cash back as they will need to pay more money with the expansion in rate of interest. On the off chance, that the rate of interest is below the average, this makes individuals take more credits so that reimbursement for them will be simple. Along these lines, as the effect of interest rates fluctuate, so will the need of the cash and in like manner, individuals will take advances. Consequentially, interest rates are either positive or negative. On the off chance, that interest rate is high then it has a negative effect on an economy, and on the off chance that it is on the plus side, then it effect will be low. For instance, people will take more mortgage rates if it is on the plus side. Consequently, the middle class will expand leading to increased aggregate demand in an economy (Bank of England, 2010: 5). Mortgage Rates A decline in home-loan rates may propose that supply exceeds demand, existing rates are very costly, and furthermore, mortgage rates are extended and should adjust because of a bubble. In a publication by SABC News (2013: 4), declines in mortgages unconstructively influence the financial system for a small number of rationales: They diminish homeowners wealth They diminish the amount of progress of employment opportunities estimated in making new-fangled houses, this way it expands unemployment They diminish tax, thus put a cap on government resources Mortgage holders are not prepared to negotiate again before offering their houses for sale, thus can limit them into foreclosure. When looking at mortgage information, it is good to notice two things: adjustment of house qualities and adjustment of deals. At the point when deals go down, it largely indicates that values will probably fall. For example, the fall of the mortgage market in the 2007 financial crisis, affected the global economy including South Africa (SABC News, 2013: 4). Personal Credit Extension Credit stretched out to the household private segment grew 9.02% year on year in February, quickening from development of 8.54% in January (Business Day, 2016: 1). Private area credit extension was required to have expanded at a moderately consistent rate of 8.5% year on year a month ago. Yearly advance development is relied upon to remain generally quieted for the current year because of the more tightly money related strategy position, high existing levels of obligation among families and tight loaning conditions. The Reserve Bank has already noticed that credit take-up by family units specifically has been unassuming, "as customers face rising interest rates and more tightly acknowledge conditions" and "elevated amounts of unemployment, weaker household financial development and prospects, negative riches impacts originating from powerless development in property and other resource costs, and stricter credit controls. Add up to credit augmentation in February was at 9.5% year on year, from 8.5% in January (Business Day, 2016: 1). Vehicle Finance Vehicle deals are heading downhill on journey control after the business enrolled significant decreases in September. Latest car deals were down 15% to 48,000 units contrasted with September 2015, as indicated in Business Day (2016:1). Offers of new traveler autos were down 13.9% that month, adding to an annual decay of 11.9%. September's figures speak to a speeding up in the decrease taking after a drop of 12% the previous month against September 2015. An aggregate 79% of new vehicles were put up for sale via dealership, with the vehicle rental industry representing 14.3%, corporate deals 3.4% and government representing 1.4%. As per the head of vehicle and resource back at Standard Bank SA, the direct deals veil the merchant channel circumstance, aggravating the market even than it looks. The Stock Exchange Notwithstanding the way that the Exchanging framework is won't not be the most imperative indicator, various residents for the most part notice it first. Since stock expenses are arranged to a restricted degree on what associations are depended upon to acquire, the market can demonstrate the economy's bearing if wage evaluations are correct. For example, a strong market may recommend that profit assessments are up and as needs be that the general economy is wanting to thrive. Then again, a down market may demonstrate that association wage is required to decrease and that the economy is rushed toward a retreat. By and by, there are trademark imperfections to relying upon the share exchanging framework as a principle indicator. To begin with, salary appraisals can't be correct. Second, the share exchanging framework is vulnerable against control. For example, the organization of Reserve Bank SA (2016:1) have used Quantitative Easing, government support money, and distinctive systems to keep showcases high with a particular true objective to keep general society from solidifying if there should arise an occurrence of a monetary crisis. Furthermore, some mining organizations control numbers to explode stocks by method for high-volume trades, complex money related subordinate strategies, and imaginative accounting models (legitimate and unlawful) (Gordhan, 2016). Since individual stocks and the general market can be controlled consequently, a stock or document cost is not by any stretch of the imagination an impression of its genuine shrouded quality or regard (Bank of England, 2010: 3). v. Inflation as an Indicator Whenever in the year, there can be ascendance in the costs of the products and merchandise utilized; it is termed as Inflation in macroeconomics (Bank of England, 2012). The principle target of any nation is to see that the costs of the products are minimized and rate of price increases is to be diminished. The impacts of price increases on the economy of a nation can be numerous and they can be sure or negative. A fall in the genuine value of cash over a timeframe and an obscure future may debilitate individuals from contributing cash; these are some negative impacts of inflation. On the off chance that individuals come to realize that the costs of products are going up then this will make individuals purchase and stock merchandise and this may prompt high rate of ballooning of prices. Beneficial outcomes of inflation might be with the end goal that banks can urge individuals to put more cash in non-fiscal capital activities (Baumohl, 2012: 23). An increased inflation rate may break up the estimation of the Rand more quickly than the typical client's compensation can conform. Thusly, this lessens buyer's acquiring power, and the ordinary lifestyle diminishes. Likewise, inflation can impact diverse factors, for instance, work advancement, and can provoke decreases in business rates as well as GDP. How these Indicators play into GDP With reference to South African Reserve Bank (2016: 3), the usage of economic strategies by a reserve bank is finished with the objective of improving the economy off; that is to make a maintained low expansion environment by the best possible administration of loan costs, cash supply and budgetary conditions. This is to accomplish high monetary development and job and proficient use of assets accessible in the public. The way to advance of economy can be acquired with kept up value steadiness, which is the result of legitimate financial approach choices, conditions and standards. The principle devices are open business sector operations in securities markets by a national bank and intercession in outside trade market (Yamarone, 2012: 31). The South African Reserve Bank (2016: 1) is in charge of figuring and actualizing money related approach. Accordingly, its principle destinations are: Strength of the Rand Support of full vocation Monetary success and welfare of the general population Real indicators utilized for money related strategy work is often published for all to see. Inflation can be characterized as the general upward value development of merchandise in an economy, and as a rule as measured by the consumer price list (CPI) and Producer Price Index (PPI). As the cost of the merchandise expands, the acquiring force (Purchasing Power) of the purchaser tumbles down, this brings about a rise in prices. The rate of expansion varies every now and then. In the course of the last half hundreds of years the inflation has been extraordinarily fluctuating, running from 0 20%. Despite the fact that South Africa attempts to keep up a particular rate of expansion (inflation), which is normally a rate of 2 3%, however can differ subject to conditions. As food values increased, South Africas expansion rate rose, adding to likely hood of a rate increase. The Department of Statistics said that in the final quarter of the past year, the CPI climbed 0.5 rates. Expansion on a yearly premise rose 2.1%. Furthermore, the Bureau of Statistics said that natural product cost bounced 16% for the quarter; there is an expansion in household travel and settlement by 6.6 rates. The expense of lager rose rate of 2.1% and lease and home buys rose 1 rate. Counterbalancing those cost increment were petrol down 2.8%, and pharmaceuticals losing 5.3% (South African Reserve Bank, 2016: 1). Monetary policy The monetary policy is the quality of government policy that influences the economy through the financial backing by changes in government use, welfare installments and changes in expense (South African Reserve Bank, 2016: 4). It tells about general impact of spending result in monetary action. Its fundamental objectives are value soundness, full job and the financial development. This policy will direct the stream of cash in the economy, furthermore the discretionary cash flow in the hands of the customers. In any case, the usage of monetary policy dependably slowly affects the economy. It influences pay dispersion, asset distribution design, monetary movement level and the total interest (South African Reserve Bank, 2016: 4). Statement of the Monetary Policy Committee (South African Reserve Bank) Featured consumer price inflation (CPI) declined to inside the objective scope of 3% to 6% in August, in accordance with the Reserve Bank's desires. By the by, higher inflation results are estimate in the close term before a managing to come back inside the objective extent beyond 2017 (South Africa Reserve Bank, 2016: 3). While residential economic development prospects shows more good after the positive amazement in the second quarter of this current year, the standpoint stays obliged against a background of frail residential fixed speculation. Dangers (risks) from the worldwide economic crisis, despite the fact that the unpredictability in worldwide money related markets in the wake of the Brexit choice have died down. Prospects for a resumption of US money related strategy remain a key danger to the example of worldwide capital streams and to developing business sector trade rates when all is said in done, with proceeded with instability in regards to the planning and pace of future moves (South Africa Reserve Bank, 2016: 4). Forecast, magnitude and direction In the recent publication by the South African Reserve Bank (2016: 2), the composite leading business cycle indicator expanded by 0.9% on a month-to- month premise in June 2016. Four of the nine-segment time forecast that was accessible for June 2016 expanded, while five diminished. The biggest positive commitments in June came about because of an expansion in the quantity of private building arrangements passed, trailed by an increasing speed in the twelve-month rate change in the composite leading business cycle indicator of South Africa's significant exchanging (trade) accomplice nations. The biggest negative commitments to the development in the composite leading indicator in June originated from a narrowing in the loan cost spread, and a lessening in the normal number of hours worked in the manufacturing segment. The trend is likely to continue for the next 3 years. Concluding Remarks Among the use parts, real government consumption climbed energetically over the previous year. Real last consumption by family units contracted all through the nine months of 2009 yet recuperated from that point, encouraged by lower interest rates, above-inflation pay increments and enhancements in certainty. The late increments were focused on consumption of sturdy and semi-solid products, with buys of TVs, in addition to other things, supported as the 2010 FIFA World Cup competition drew nearer. Since the strength of the economy is personally associated with shopper notion as can be seen by indicators, for example, retail deals, legislators like to turn information in a constructive light or control it to such an extent that everything seems blushing. Therefore, to describe precisely the condition of the economy, an economist relies examination alone or perhaps the investigation of others without a specific plan. Remember that most financial indicators work best in organization with different indicators. By considering the whole picture, economists can consequently settle on better choices in regards to arrangements and ventures in an economy. References Alesina A. and Tabellini G. (2015) Why is Fiscal Policy Often Pro cyclical? National Bureau of Economic Research, pg. 22-24 Bank of England (2010) Bank of England Statistical Interactive Database, Retrieved 12 September 2016, pg. 3-6 Bank of England (2012) Treasury Committee Inquiry into the Monetary Policy Committee of the Bank of England: Ten Years On, The Stationery Office. Retrieved September 27, 2016, pg. 4-5 Baumohl B. (2012) The Secrets of Economic Indicators: Hidden Clues to Future Economic Trends and Investment Opportunities, FT Press, pg. 23 BBC News (2010) Interest rates remain at record low, Retrieved September 27, 2016, pg. 4 Business Day (2016) Growth in private sector credit extension accelerates unexpectedly, BD Live, South Africa Emrys S. C (2010) Economic Indicators, in Wankel, C. (ed.) Encyclopedia of business in Today's World, California, USA, pg. 4-8 Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia (2010) State Coincident Indexes, Retrieved September 26, 2016 Feldstein M. (2012) The Role for Discretionary Fiscal Policy in a Low Interest Rate Environment, NBER Working Paper No. 9203, pg 65 Gordhan P. (2016) Budget Speech: Check against Delivery: Minister of Finance, South Africa, pg. 16 Institute for Economic Affairs (2012) IEA's Shadow Monetary Policy Committee votes to hold Bank Rate, pg. 23 Jordan S. (2010) Asset Purchase Facility, John Wiley Sons, pg 34 Keegan W. (2013) The prudence of Mr Gordon Brown, Wiley, pg. 62. Retrieved September 27, 2016 Kganyago L. (2016) Embargo Delivery: Statement of the Monetary Policy Committee, Governor of the South African Reserve Bank Monaghan A (2013) Budget 2013: Bank of England's monetary policy remits changed, pg. 21, Retrieved September 27, 2016 Parkin M and Melanie M. K (2011) Economics, Addison-Wesley, pp. 4244 SABC News (2013) Interest rates held until unemployment falls. Retrieved September 27, 2016, pg. 4 SABC News (2016) Rate hike fear as inflation jumps. Retrieved September 27, 2016, pg. 2 Simon C and Robert E. W (2011) The WSJ Guide to the 50 Economic Indicators that really matter, HarperCollins, pg. 43 South Africa Reserve Bank (September 22, 2016) Monetary Policy Committee Minutes, Archived from the original, pg. 1-5 South African Reserve Bank (2016) Composite business cycle indicators for South Africa, pg. 1 South African Reserve Bank (2016) Quarterly Bulletin, pg. 3 Steven M. S. (2013) Economics: Principles in action, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458: Pearson Prentice Hall, pg 12 Wallace T. (2012) High inflation forces King to explain again. City IS. Pg, 23, Retrieved September 27, 2016 Yamarone R. (2012) The Traders Guide to Key Economic Indicators, John Wiley Sons, pg. 31

The Power of a Book free essay sample

I looked down at the minuscule hand that was jabbing the corner of a hardcover picture book into my abdomen. I stared at my kindergarten buddy’s hopeful face and took the book from him warily. We sat down in a corner of the classroom and he lifted his legs to his chest, resting his chin on his knees anticipating the beginning of a story. I looked from the book to his expectant eyes and then back again. I finally cracked open the cover of the book and started to tell him a story. Yes, I told him a story, but I did not read him one. It was the fourth grade and every month our class met with our kindergarten buddies to read to them. Every month I made up my own new story to hide the fact that I couldn’t read. It was that same year that I was diagnosed with a learning difference. We will write a custom essay sample on The Power of a Book or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They called it slow processing speed, telling me it takes my mind longer to understand new information. It wasn’t until the end of that year when I finally learned how to read. That said, I didn’t particularly like reading. In fact, I despised it. I remember dreading the days where our class would take turns reading the textbook out loud, bracing myself for the laughter that was bound to come when my turn came around. I stuttered and stumbled over my words, often repeating the same lines over again. I can’t remember the amount of times that I heard â€Å"Just sound it out.† It wasn’t until eight grade when I stumbled upon the book that would change my life. My mother gave it to me; she said it was her favorite book when she was my age. It was called A Tree Grows and Brooklyn and it was written by Betty Smith. It sat on my shelf for a while, alone, no other books accompanying it. Until one day, I decided to pick it up. I don’t remember what compelled me to come back to this book. I might have been bored, I might have been frustrated by my poor reading skills, but I opened the front cover, took in the smell of printed pages, and started to read. I didn’t stop. I fell in love with A Tree Grows in Brooklyn. It was so easy for me to relate to the protagonist; it was as if she knew exactly how I was feeling and what I was going through. Every spare moment I was reading that book. It felt as if a hand had sprung out of the pages and pulled me in, enveloping me in this new world. It took me about six months to finish A Tree Grows in Brooklyn but when I was finished, and closed the cover and clutched the book in my hands, a sorrowful feeling came over me. There were no more pages to turn; no more story to devour. It was in that moment that I knew that I needed more books, more tales to dive into, more adventures to explore. From that day on, reading has morphed into something that is so essential to my life. It is my passion; it is what makes me tick. Reading used to be my most arduous and avoided activity, but now it is the thing that shapes my life. If I have had a bad day at school or am under a lot of stress, nothing calms me more than slipping into a good book. I am still a slow reader and sometimes reading can still be a challenge, but all of that struggle pales in comparison to the amount of joy that I get from a book. I keep almost all of the books that I have read on my bookshelf. I don’t organize them by authors’ last name or by genre. But I put them on the shelf in the order that I have read them. A Tree Grows in Brooklyn is the first. 591 others follow.